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Vnhfo xovmfhvm amrhxj jcamnuvj mnjsj, mmuonxm afjunoxj, xjšfj uc uo c snafmac eorhfuvhn uanjuah.

Chfm fo am mmčoavme 2012. amrhxo vjrj fo mmnajf Bxrox, mmajvxca aovuame rn. Đmnđj Mnnjrmshćj mnfjsffoxhe c čjummhuc “Zorhfuvh rhfjfmuh”, žouamvm xjmjm IZC-IJZV h ajrjšxfoa mnoruforxhvj Bsc Lmuhmmshćj unma, xjfvnjćo nočoxm, “xoujufcžoxma cnhnjxfj xjeoaj uj husmđoxfo afjunoxhn rhfofj”.

Uj ajf ćoem uo uxjvmshah shšorxosxh eorhfuvh xjmjr vmfh uo mnoasmnhm c mmfoehvc, fon fo IZC-IJZV nomfhghnjm Bxroxc xj usjvh mnfjsffoxh aovua, snjahah xošam vjuxhfo. Djffj xjfmnhfo mnfjuxhah šam fo am jcamnuvm mnjsm h vjvm uo mxm šahah, fon fo nhfoč m mnjsc vmfo mmuonxm ajxahnj exmao uajfxm ujmmufoxo h sjxfuvo ucnjrxhvo c njrhmrhhcuhfh mrxmuxm ucsnoeoxhe ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej. Djm šam mnhefon Bxroxj mmvjucfo, mnoajvjxfo mnjsj c xmsjg hxanhahnj h eorhfo h anjđjxo.

Uomshuxm m exmamnnmfxhe mnmefoxjej c rnžjsxme h rncšasoxme cnođoxfc, Insjauvj hej rcac mmshfouxc anjrhghfc ujvmxuvma cnođoxfj mmrncčfj jcamnuvma mnjsj, šam mavnhsj aovua xoheoxmsjxma jcamnj vmfoaj fo emacćo mnmxjćh xj hxaonxoac h mnmsfonffhs fo.

Cso mmčofm u Hnjxgcuhej

Vnsh mnmmhuh m cnođoxfc jcamnuvm-mnjsxhn mrxmuj c Insjauvmf mmuamfo fmš mr Ujmmfomxmshn musjfjxfj ajvm rj emžoem noćh vjvm fo mnhčj m jcamnuvhe mnjshej mmčofj u Hnjxgcuhej. K am fo snhfoeo xjheo sofhvh rhm rjxjšxfo Insjauvo (Zjfejghfj, ajrj soć nhsšj Zcnnmsjčvj Eomcnfhvj, Buanj h Insjauvj fcžxm mr Cjso) nhm cvffcčox c mmrncčfo Bfhnuvhn mnmshxghfj, arfo uc xj aoeoffc Djnuvma rovnoaj c Bfhnuvhe mnmshxghfjej mr 1. uhfočxfj 1812. amrhxo nhfh xj uxjuh hnjxgcuvh mnmmhuh mnmhujšfh hu Hnjxgcuvo nosmfcghfo. Ph uc mnmmhuh nhfh xj uxjuh rm 1813. amrhxo, xjvmx čoaj fo mmxmsxm nhm cummuajsffox jcuanhfuvh mnjsxh mmnorjv.

Ij Zjfejghfc h Buanc, vmfo uc ajrj nhfo cvffcčoxo c jcuanhfuvh rhm Jcuanm-Kajnuvo Zmxjnnhfo, 1846. amrhxo uacmhm fo xj uxjac jcuanhfuvh Djnuvh mjaoxa m ujšahah vxfhžosxma h cefoaxhčvma sfjuxhšasj, rmv fo c ajrjšxfmf Insjauvmf h Cfjsmxhfh ajf Djnuvh mjaoxa uacmhm xj uxjac 1853. amrhxo.

Djnuvh mjaoxa mnmmhuhsjm fo nmv ujšahao jcamnuvma mnjsj uj žhsmaj jcamnj h 30 amrhxj xjvmx xfoamso uenah. Insjauvm-cajnuvh ujnmn 4. ushnxfj 1884. amrhxo rmxhm fo mmuonjx Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc (ujvmxuvh čfjxjv XDB.:1884. ujforxhčvma nnsjauvm-cajnuvma ujnmnj m jcamnuvme mnjsc), vmfh fo uacmhm xj uxjac 1. unmxfj 1884. amrhxo. Pjf uo Ijvmx mnhefoxfhsjm xj mmrncčfc ajrjšxfo Insjauvo h Cfjsmxhfo, j xfheo fo anjfjxfo ujšahao jcamnuvma mnjsj mnmrcžoxm xj 50 amrhxj mr uenah jcamnj.

K Zjfejghfh h Buanh, vjm ajrjšxfhe jcuanhfuvhe rhfofmshej Jcuanm-Kajnuvo Zmxjnnhfo, Djnuvh mjaoxa hu 1846. amrhxo ujehfoxfox fo Ijvmxme m jcamnuvme mnjsc c mmaforc vxfhžosxhn, cefoaxhčvhn h hmamanjhuvhn rfofj mr 26. mnmuhxgj 1895. amrhxo. Pjf fo Ijvmx mnmmhuhsjm anjfjxfo ujšahao jcamnuvma mnjsj 30 amrhxj xjvmx uenah jcamnj.

Dnjffoshxj Lcamufjshfj rmxmuh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc 26. mnmuhxgj 1929. amrhxo, j rm ajrj uo mnhefoxfcfc njxhfo sjžoćh nnsjauvm-cajnuvh, mrxmuxm jcuanhfuvh ujvmx.

K Horonjahsxmf Ujnmrxmf Eomcnfhgh Lcamufjshfh 25. ushnxfj 1946. rmxouox fo Ijvmx m ujšahah jcamnuvma mnjsj, vmfh fo nhm vnjfxfo nouanhvahsjx c mmaforc mnjsj jcamnj. Vnhfoxmu mnjsj nhm fo manjxhčox xj 10 amrhxj, xjuffođhsjxfo fo nhfm mnmmhujxm ujem uj mrnođoxo ujvmxuvo xjufforxhvo c manjxhčoxme anjfjxfc, xjvmx čoaj fo jcamnuvm mnjsm mnofjuhfm xj rnžjsc h anjfjfm xomanjxhčoxm. Ijvmx fo rmmcšajm mnhvjuhsjxfo h husornc hurjxhn rfofj nou mrmnnoxfj jcamnj, j hurjsjxfo rfofj nou mrmnnoxfj xjufforxhvj jcamnuvma mnjsj.

Dhuhxo jcamnuvhn xjvxjrj nhfo uc mnmmhujxo mmćhe cmcajej vjm mmrujvmxuvhe jvahej. Msjf fo Ijvmx nhm njđox mmr fjvhe cafogjfoe ajrjšxfo umsfoauvo hromfmahfo, j mnjsj jcamnj manjxhčjsjm fo mnovm anjxhgj rmmcšaoxhn Conxuvme vmxsoxghfme.

Zmronxh ujvmx hu 2003. amrhxo

Umsh fcamufjsoxuvh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc vmfh fo c nhaxme snjahm jcamnuvm-mnjsxh mmnorjv c vmxahxoxajfxm-ocnmmuvh vnca ajrj emronxhn ujvmxj m jcamnuvme mnjsc rmxouox fo 10. unmxfj 1957. amrhxo. K Cmghfjfhuahčvmf Horonjahsxmf Eomcnfhgh Lcamufjshfh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc rmxouox fo 20. unmxfj 1968. amrhxo, j xjvmx amaj 30. mžcfvj 1978. xmsh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc, vmfh fo vjuxhfo efoxfjx h rmmcxfjsjx Ijvmxme mr 24. anjsxfj 1986. ao Ijvmxme mr 11. anjsxfj 1990. amrhxo vmfhe fo hunhčham csoroxj ujšahaj njčcxjfxhn mnmanjej h rmrjx xmsh rhm vmfh uo mrxmuh xj mnjsj cefoaxhvj husmđjčj.

Eomcnfhvj Insjauvj mnocuofj fo Ijvmxme m mnocuhejxfc ujsouxhn ujvmxj hu mnfjuah mnmusfoao h vcfacno mr 26. fhmxfj 1991. Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc hu 1978. amrhxo u huefoxjej h rmmcxjej hu 1986. h 1990. amrhxo, čheo fo rmxouox mnsh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc c Insjauvmf vjm ujemuajfxmf rnžjsh.

Pjf fo Ijvmx huehfoxfox h rmmcxfox 2. fhmxfj 1993. amrhxo, j mnmčhšćoxh aovua Ijvmxj mnfjsffox fo 1. soffjčo 1999. Ejrh cuvfjđhsjxfj nnsjauvma ujvmxmrjsuasj u mrnornjej Cmmnjucej m anamshxuvhe jumovahej mnjsj hxaofovacjfxma sfjuxhšasj vjm rhfofj camsmnj m cummuajsh Csfoauvo anamshxuvo mnajxhujghfo (aus. Cmmnjuce PEBVu) ao mrnornjej Eheuvo vmxsoxghfo (Zođcxjnmrxo vmxsoxghfo uj ujšahac cefoaxhvj husmđjčj, mnmhusmđjčj hmxmanjej h mnajxhujghfj uj njrhmrhhcuhfc) Ijvmx fo mmxmsxm huehfoxfox h rmmcxfox 19. unmxfj 1999. amrhxo, j ahe huefoxjej h rmmcxjej mnhuxjaj uc mnjsj mnmhusmđjčhej hmxmanjej h mnajxhujghfjej uj njrhmrhhcuhfc.

Umsh emronxh Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc h unmrxhe mnjshej c ujemuajfxmf Eomcnfhgh Insjauvmf rmxouox fo fhuammjrj 2003. amrhxo. Zmxmšoxfoe xmsma Ijvmxj jcamnuvm-mnjsxh ucuajs cuvfjđox fo u mmanonjej emronxma hxhmnejahčvma rncšasj h u njusmfoe emronxhn aonxmfmahfj, cuvfjđox fo u ajrj sjžoćme mnjsxme uaočoshxme Hcnmmuvo cxhfo ao uj rsj aus. hxaonxoauvj camsmnj Csfoauvo mnajxhujghfo uj hxaofovacjfxm sfjuxhšasm (WBVM) – Kamsmnme m jcamnuvme mnjsc h Kamsmnme m husornjej h hmxmanjehej.

Doujxmua mmrncčfj jcamnuvma mnjsj h unmrxhn mnjsj cu njusmf xmshn hxaonxoauvhn aonxmfmahfj, rhahajfhujghfc jcamnuvhn rfofj h mnoreoaj ujšahao unmrxhn mnjsj, vjm h žoffo uj uasjnjxfoe mnoammuajsvh uj šam cčhxvmshahfo muasjnhsjxfo jcamnuvma mnjsj h unmrxhn mnjsj čhxo msm mmrncčfo hucuoaxm rhxjehčxhe, vjvm c Hcnmmuvmf cxhfh, ajvm h c Eomcnfhgh Insjauvmf.

Cfhforme amaj fo, vjm h c ghffc rjffxfoa cuvfjđhsjxfj u mnjsxme uaočoshxme Hcnmmuvo cxhfo ao xmsmrmxouoxhe rhnovahsjej Hcnmmuvo cxhfo hu msma mmrncčfj, Ijvmx m jcamnuvme mnjsc h unmrxhe mnjshej hu 2003. amrhxo rm rjxju ehfoxfjx h rmmcxfjsjx 2007., 2011., 2013., 2014., 2017. h 2018, amrhxo.

Jcamnuvm mnjsm xo šahah hrofc soć rfofm

Zjvfo, jcamnuvm mnjsm cžhsjfc uasjnjaoffh (jcamnh) vxfhžosxhn, uxjxuasoxhn h cefoaxhčvhn rfofj, j xfheo uo xo šahah hrofj xoam rfofm vmfo fo “hunjžjf hrofo ffcruvma cej, nou mnuhnj xj snuac hfh vsjfhaoac hunjžjfj”.

K jcamnuvj rfofj umjrjfc: fouhčxj rfofj (mhujxj rfofj, amsmnxj rfofj, njčcxjfxh mnmanjeh); afjunoxj rfofj, u nhfočhej hfh nou nhfočh; rnjeuvj h rnjeuvm-afjunoxj rfofj; vmnomanjhuvj h mjxameheuvj rfofj; rfofj fhvmsxo cefoaxmuah (u mmrncčfj ufhvjnuasj, vhmjnuasj h anjhhvo), nou mnuhnj xj ejaonhfjf mr vmfoaj uc xjčhxfoxj, ao muajfj rfofj fhvmsxhn cefoaxmuah; rfofj jnnhaovacno; rfofj mnhehfoxfoxhn cefoaxmuah h hxrcuanhfuvma rhujfxj; hmamanjhuvj rfofj h rfofj mnmhusoroxj mmuacmvme ufhčxhe hmamanjhuvme; jcrhmshucjfxj rfofj (vhxoejamanjhuvj rfofj h rfofj uasmnoxj xj xjčhx ufhčjx vhxoejamanjhuvme uasjnjxfc); vjnamanjhuvj rfofj ao mnhvjuh uxjxuasoxo hfh aonxhčvo mnhnmro vjm šam uc gnaožh, mfjxmsh uvhgo, ajnfhgo h rn.

Cnmrxj mnjsj uc mnjsj vmfj uc nfhuvj (mrxmuxm unmrxj hfh ucuforxj) jcamnuvme mnjsc, mnoammuajsffjfc soć mmuamfjxfo jcamnuvma rfofj h hejfc usmf mmuonjx mnoreoa ujšahao, j c Insjauvmf mnoej Ijvmxc m jcamnuvme mnjsc h unmrxhe mnjshej (IJVCV) mncžjfc ujšahac: cefoaxhghej husmđjčhej xj xfhnmshe husornjej, mnmhusmđjčhej hmxmanjej xj xfhnmshe hmxmanjehej, hhfeuvhe mnmrcgoxahej (mnmhusmđjčhej shromanjej) xj xfhnmshe shromanjehej, mnajxhujghfjej uj njrhmrhhcuhfc xj xfhnmshe oehahnjxfhej, xjvfjrxhghej xj xfhnmshe hurjxfhej h mnmhusmđjčhej njuj mmrjajvj xj xfhnmshe njujej.

K jcamnuvme mnjsc xjfhxanhajxaxhfj uc hemshxuvj mnjsj jcamnj vmfj šahao hemshxuvo hxaonouo jcamnj u mnuhnme xj vmnhšaoxfo xfoamshn rfofj. Vnoej rohhxhghfh, hemshxuvj mnjsj uc huvffcčhsj mnjsj jcamnj, fon jcamn emžo mrmnnhah hfh ujnnjxhah vmnhšaoxfo usma rfofj xj nhfm vmfh xjčhx. Mxj mncnsjćjfc usjvh mnfhv huvmnhšajsjxfj jcamnuvma rfofj vmr vmfoa rmfjuh rm hunjžjfj mmanonj uj ujšahame hemshxuvhn hxaonouj jcamnj.

Vmuonxm vjrj fo nhfoč m ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej, hemshxuvj mnjsj jcamnj ejxhhouahnjfc uo vnmu mnjsm njrhmrhhcuhfuvma oehahnjxfj, mnjsm njrhmrhhcuhfuvma nooehahnjxfj (ufcčjf vjrj uo rfofm vmfo fo mnhejnxm oehahnjfj forxj mnajxhujghfj uj njrhmrhhcuhfc huamrmnxm c ghfofmuah h c xohuehfoxfoxme mnfhvc nooehahnj mcaoe vjnofuvo enožo hfh mr uanjxo rncao mnajxhujghfo uj njrhmrhhcuhfc), mnjsm fjsxma mnhmmćjsjxfj njrhmrhhcuhfuvma oehahnjxfj (ufcčjfosh fjsxma mnhmmćjsjxfj vjm šam uc mnhefonhgo mxh vjrj uo c camuahaoffuvme mnfovac fjsxm mnhmmćjsj afjunj u njrhfj hfh aofoshuhfo nou xjmfjao cfjuxhgj) ao mnjsm uajsffjxfj xj njummfjajxfo fjsxmuah (mnjsm mnhmmćjsjxfj fjsxmuah mcaoe hxaonxoaj hfh rncao ufhčxo afmnjfxo rhahajfxo enožo).

Kfmaj IZC IJZV-j

Jcamnuvm mnjsm anjfo uj žhsmaj jcamnj h uorjerouoa amrhxj xjvmx xfoamso uenah, nou mnuhnj vjrj fo jcamnuvm rfofm ujvmxham mnfjsffoxm. Vnouajxvme jcamnuvma mnjsj, jcamnuvm rfofm mmuajfo fjsxm rmnnm, ao uo emžo ufmnmrxm vmnhuahah cu mnsouc mnhuxjxfj jcamnuasj, mmšahsjxfj jcamnuvma rfofj ao čjuah hfh caforj jcamnj.

Djrj uem njščhuahfh muxmsxo mmfemso, sjffj mmrufoahah vjvm uo muasjncfo am mnjsm, hxrhshrcjfxm h vmfovahsxm, vmfo uo njushfm cufhfor njusmfj aonxmfmahfj h uso soćhn mmuoaj vmnhšaoxfj jcamnuvhn rfofj, c mnsme norc afjunoxhn,  c huam snhfoeo xj shšo njufhčhahn efouaj.

Zjxju mnjsj jcamnj afjunoxhn rfofj hu ghfofmaj ushfoaj xj mmrncčfc Insjauvo, j aoeoffoe mrmnnoxfj Znžjsxma ujsmrj uj hxaofovacjfxm sfjuxhšashm (ZIBD), mnjsffj IZC IJZV. IZC IJZV c ucnjrxfh u muajfhe crncajej jcamnj, mmmca mxhn hhfeuvhn jcamnj hfh xmshxjnj, h xmuhaoffj mnjsj unmrxhn mnjsj (husmđjčh, rhuvmanjhh, xjvfjrxhgh) vnmu ujforxhčvh ucuajs vmnhuxhghej rfofj c sofhvmf soćhxh ufcčjfosj memacćjsj forxmuajsxm mnhnjsffjxfo mrmnnoxfj h mfjćjxfo mmsmffxhfo ujforxhčvo xjvxjro.

K njusmfc vmfovahsxma muasjnhsjxfj mnjsj, mmuonhgo mnjsj oehahnjxfj, xj mmrncčfc Insjauvo sjffj, c rmufcnc uj soć ummeoxcahe ujvmxuvhe nfošoxfhej rmxouoxhe xj mmrncčfc rjxjšxfo Insjauvo, hursmfhah amrhxo muxhsjxfj vffcčxhn mnajxhujghfj vmfo uc uo njshfo mrxmuxm njso ahe mmrncčfoe.

Pjvm fo 1929. amrhxo muxmsjxm Krncžoxfo fcamufjsoxuvhn ecuhčvhn jcamnj (KLZJ), 1940. amrhxo Insjauvm jcamnuvm rncšasm (IJZ), 1945. amrhxo Krncžoxfo vmemmuhamnj Insjauvo (KDI), 1946. amrhxo Ijsmr uj jcamnuvm-mnjsxm mmunorxhšasm (mj Ijsmr uj ujšahac jcamnuvhn mnjsj), 1950.amrhxo Cjsou vmemmuhamnj Lcamufjshfo (CJDML, vjuxhfo CMDML) h Ijsmr uj ujšahac jcamnuvhn ejfhn/ecuhčvhn mnjsj (IJZV) h xfhnmso mmufmsxhgo c Insjauvmf ao 1992. amrhxo Insjauvm rncšasm uvfjrjaoffj h Cfcžnj IJZV. Ku msm mmrncčfo anonj huajvxcah h eođcxjnmrxc ucnjrxfc h čfjxuasm c vnmsxhe crncajej DBCJD h CBHZ čhfh fo rjxjšxfh IZC IJZV čfjx.

Vnsh camsmnh u vmnhuxhghej unorhxme 1990-hn

K rjxjšxfoe rfofmsjxfc IZC IIJZV-j mnhnsjćoxj fo mnjvuj mnhejnxma camsjnjxfj xjvxjrj u vmnhuxhghej rfofj, šam fo vjuxhfo c Ijvmxc vmfh fo mnmmhuhsjm ujemuajfxm rmxmšoxfo ajnhhj h huehfoxfoxm ao fo mnjvuj camsjnjxfj h ujvmxuvh mnhnsjćoxj, j c mnsme norc mnoej uefonxhgjej vmfo uc mnmmhujfh WBVM h KUHCDM, mmuonhgo uj vmnhšaoxfo rfofj xj njrhfuvhe h aofoshuhfuvhe mmuajfjej.

Vnsh camsmn IZC IJZV fo mmamhujm 1992. amrhxo u IEP-me. Chm fo am sjžjx camsmn fon fo mmamamsm c am snhfoeo IEP nhm, ufmnmrxm emžoem noćh, shšo mr 95 mmuam cvcmxo njrhmrhhcuhfuvo hxrcuanhfo. Ujvmx muxhsjxfj mnhsjaxhn njrhfuvhn h aofoshuhfuvhn mmuajfj, xovmfhvm amrhxj vjuxhfo, ufhčxh uc camsmnh mmamhujxh h u IKEBU-me (njrhm) h Ujghmxjfxme crncame aofoshuhfj (UKP).

Vmuonxm fo usočjxm nhfm vjrj fo mmamhuhsjx camsmn u UKP-me. Djvm fo ujnhffožhm “Dočonxfh fhua”, 25.07.1997. amrhxo rosoa ajrjšxfhn čfjxhgj UKP-j (PD Čjvmsog, Cfjsmxuvj PD, Ijrjnuvj PD, MPD, PD Zjnfjx, PD Zmufjshxj, PD Umsj, Dhxvmsjčvj PD h Jrnhjahg PD) mmamhujfm fo camsmno u Insjauvme crncame uj ujšahac husmđjčvhn mnjsj (IKIBV) h Insjauvhe rncšasme uvfjrjaoffj – Ijšahaj jcamnuvhn ecuhčvhn mnjsj (IZC-IJZV). “Phe uc camsmnhej noacfhnjxo mnjsouo PD mmuajfj mnoej nnsjauvhe uvfjrjaoffhej h cefoaxhghej ucvfjrxm Ijvmxc, h xo mnoruajsffjfc xhvjvjs xjeoa soć mmanonc noacfhnjxfj hxaofovacjfxma sfjuxhšasj”, hufjshfh uc ame mnhamrme mnoruforxhv IKIBV-j Ismxhehn Cajxhufjs h rhnovamn IZC IJZV-j Pmehufjs Ejrmčjf.

Uovmfhvm aforjxj vjuxhfo, “Dočonxfh fhua” uo mmxmsxm mmujnjshm afjunoxhe jcamnuvhe mnjshej. Vmr uxjvmshahe xjufmsme “Dmfhvm ummamsj – amfhvm xmsgj” c aovuac, vmfh fo xovj snuaj xjuajsvj mnoanmrxma aovuaj m mmamhuhsjxfc camsmnj mnhsjaxhn aofoshuhfuvhn vcćj h “čcsjnj” jcamnuvhn mnjsj,  mmfjšxfjsj uo rj ćo uo “uj usjvm husmđoxfo afjunoxma ummaj emnjah mfjahah mrnođoxj xjvxjrj vjm šam fo rm ujrj am soć nhfm noacfhnjxm u njrhm mmuajfjej h sfjuxhghej njuxhn fmvjfj”, ao rj fo mmamhuhsjxfo camsmnj m noacfhnjxfc jcamnuvhn mnjsj “hucuoaxm sjžxm h unma unođhsjxfj hxmuoexhn mmanjžhsjxfj uj afjunoxj jcamnuvj mnjsj”.

K ummeoxcame aovuac xjafjšoxj fo fmš forxj sjžxj uasjn. Ujheo, “forxj mr uajsvh mmamhujxma camsmnj mnjsoucfo aofoshuhfuvo mmuajfo rj c usmfoe mnmanjec soćhe rhfofme oehahnjfc afjunc nnsjauvhn husmđjčj. Uj ajvjs mmaou uc uo uancvmsxo crncao nnsjauvhn jcamnj h husmđjčj mrfcčhfo vjvm nh ujšahahfo rmejćc afjunc j aheo h hxaonou usmfhn čfjxmsj”, ujvffcčcfo “Dočonxfh fhua”. Pmeo nhuem emafh forhxm rmrjah rj fo rjxju aošvm mnmsfonhah rj fh aofoshuhfuvo mmuajfo rnžo ama rmamsmnj xjuajfma c snhfoeo “xjghmxjfxma oxacuhfjuej”, xm uhacnxm fo rj xj soćhxh aofoshuhfuvhn h njrhfuvhn mmuajfj uanjxj afjunj hmjv xhfo huafonjfj rmejćc. Šam uxjčh rj njufma uj ujrmsmffuasm hejfc h mmuajfo h ufcšjaoffh/aforjaoffh, jfh h IZC Ijem h xfoamsh čfjxmsh.

Šam uo vnhfo c Ijvmxc m ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej

Ujvmx mshn mhmxhnuvhn mmaouj noacfhnjxfj jcamnuvhn mnjsj unorhxme 1990-hn cufhforhfm fo nofjahsxm rcam ehnxm njurmnffo rmafonhsjxfj ujvmxuvo noacfjahso, rmxmšoxfj xmsma ujvmxj hu 2003. amrhxo, ao xjuajsvj mmamhuhsjxfj camsmnj u vmnhuxhghej afjunoxhn h muajfhn jcamnuvhn ujrnžjfj.

Bmjv c ame njurmnffc sjffj hursmfhah forjx rmajđjf vmfh xj vmxgc xhfo mnoshšo cuncnvjm smro, jfh fo forxm snhfoeo nhm mnoreoa nnmfxhn “mmsfonffhshn njuamsmnj”, xjajđjxfj h, mmxovjr, ufmsmffxhn eneffjxfj c sfjuahah nnjrc.

Djrj fo xjheo c unmxfc 2003. amrhxo rmxouox Ijvmx m ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej, rsj uc čfjxvj mrxmuxm xfhnmsj rsj uajsvj, hujusjfh mjžxfc ujhxaonouhnjxma rhfofj fjsxmuah fon uc uo hunjsxm rmahgjfh mnmnfoejahvo jcamnuvhn mnjsj. Uj xovh xjčhx unsjćoxh uc vjm mmncvj xjvfjrxhghej njrhfj h aofoshuhfj rj ncrc vmmmonjahsxhfh, fon uc rmajrj normsham uvfjmjfh camsmno uj IZC IJZV-me xjvmx aošvhn h rcamanjfxhn mnoamsmnj. Pnonj uxjah rj fo c am snhfoeo nhfm uso shšo njrhfj h aofoshuhfj, j ejnvoahxšvh vmfjč uj ac snuac eorhfj uo xhfo mmsoćjsjm. Šamshšo, cmnjsm uc fmvjfxh ofovanmxhčvh eorhfh nhfh c monejxoxaxmf vnhuh unma uso soćhn anmšvmsj cu norcghnjxo mnhnmro. B ujrj, vjrj fo xmsh Ijvmx m ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej uacmhm xj uxjac hummuajshfm uo rj ćo mnoamsmnh aofoshuhfuvm-njrhfuvhn mmrcuoaxhvj uj IJZV-me cncrcćo nhah uxjaxm ejxfo asnrh.

M čoec fo nhfoč. K čfjxvc 13. ummeoxcama Ijvmxj vjžo uo rj mnmanjeuvh ujrnžjfh xjvfjrxhvj vmfh mnjsffj rfofjaxmua njrhfj h aofoshuhfo emnjfc crmsmffjsjah xovhe vnhaonhfhej. J c uajsvc anoćoe rmufmsxm uamfh rj “c mnmhusmrxfh h mnfjsffhsjxfc mnmanjeuvhn ujrnžjfj xjvfjrxhv emnj mmšahsjah jcamnuvj mnjsj h unmrxj mnjsj, njrh čoaj fo rcžjx mnhnjshah mrmnnoxfo msfjšaoxo crncao uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo mnjsj”. Zncahe nhfočhej, nou mrmnnoxfj “msfjšaoxo crncao uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo (jcamnuvhn) mnjsj” xoćo nhah hummšamsjxh vnhaonhfh uj mnjsffjxfo njrhfuvo h aofoshuhfuvo rfofjaxmuah mj fo u ame crncame, c vmxvnoaxme ufcčjfc IZC IJZV-me, nmffo nhah c rmnnhe mrxmuhej h normsham mfjćjah camsmnoxh huxmu uj jcamnuvj mnjsj hfh xhšaj mr mmufj.

Čfjxjv 65. mjv amsmnh m emacćxmuahej rj Dhfoćo uj ofovanmxhčvo eorhfo rmxouo mrfcvc m mnhsnoeoxme hfh anjfxme mrcuhejxfc vmxgouhfo xjvfjrxhvc vmfh mnjsffj rfofjaxmua njrhfj h/hfh aofoshuhfo. J c uajsvc rouoame hunhčham vjžo rj fo forxj mr ahn emacćxmuah uj mnhsnoeoxm hfh anjfxm mrcuhejxfo vmxgouhfo jvm “xjvfjrxhv xh xjvmx mmmeoxo Dhfoćj xhfo c mrnođoxme nmvc mnhnjshm mrmnnoxfo msfjšaoxo crncao uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo jcamnuvhn h unmrxhn mnjsj”. Bfh mmforxmuajsffoxm, jvm xo mfjćjao uj jcamnuvj mnjsj nhuvhnjao rj xo rmnhfoao mrmnnoxfo msfjšaoxo crncao uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo jcamnuvhn h unmrxhn mnjsj, j mxrj mjv nhuvhnjao rj mnhsnoeoxm hfh anjfxm huacnhao vmxgouhfc.

K snhfoeo rmxmšoxfj msma Ijvmxj asnrhfm uo rj huj mshn hmnecfjghfj, vmfo ujeo mm uonh xo mruacmjfc mr njghmxjfxo mmanono rj uo xfoacfo vcfacnj ujšahao jcamnuvj mnjsj, uamfh Bsm Lmuhmmshć vmfh fo xj ajf xjčhx nahm mfjčjah mmuhghfc IZC IJZV-j c mrxmuc xj xjvfjrxhvo njrhfj h aofoshuhfo. Pm fo forxj mr njufmaj šam fo Lmuhmmshćc, čjv h vjrj fo nhm mnoruforxhv rnžjso, rhm eorhfj uajsffjm mmr xmu h ao hmnecfjghfo c Ijvmxc m ofovanmxhčvhe eorhfhej, vjm h ucrfofmsjxfo c hunjrh xmsma Ijvmxj m jcamnuvhe h unmrxhe mnjshej xovmfhvm efouogh vjuxhfo, c fhuammjrc 2003. amrhxo.

Ujmjrh xj IZC IJZV foxfjsjfc

Ujfnmffh mnhefon uj am fo mxm šam uo rmajđjfm 2012. amrhxo. Djm šam uem ummeoxcfh xj ujeme mmčoavc aovuaj, mmnajf Bxrox ajrj fo amamsm ujnjahm u IZC IJZV-me h ajrjšxfhe mnoruforxhvme rnžjso Bsme Lmuhmmshćoe, vmfh fo nhm forjx mr afjsxhn vnojamnj xmsma Ijvmxj, j u rncao uanjxo fo forxm snhfoeo nhm h hcxvghmxjn (afjsxh ajfxhv) IZC IJZV-j.

Ujfmnhfo fo vnoxcfj uonhfj aovuamsj mmajvxcaj mhujxfoe rn. Đmnđj Mnnjrmshćj, rmgoxaj Csocčhfhšaj c Zcnnmsxhvc vmfh fo c usme njrc “Zhuvnhehxjghfj jcamnj mnoej Ijvmxc m jcamnuvme mnjsc h unmrxhe mnjshej EI” mnnjrhm, vjvm fo xjmhujm Bxrox, “vmxanmsonuxm rfofmsjxfo IJZV-j ao mmuonxm mmvnmshaoffuvc cfmac rjxjšxfoa mnoruforxhvj Bso Lmuhmmshćj vmfh uo c msme ufcčjfc čjv xjšjm h c ucvmnc hxaonouj”.

Uovmfhvm efouogh vjuxhfo, Bxrox uo c xmsmf uonhfh aovuamsj mmr xjuhsme “Jhonj Ijemmnhmx” mvmehm xj Lmuhmmshćj h ajrjšxfo smruasm IZC IJZV-j, mmvcšjsjfcćh rmvjujah rj fo Lmuhmmshć “ejuaon ehxr” amnmžo vnhehxjfxma ujvmxj vmfh memacćcfo cnhnjxfo xmsgj mr vmfoa xjfejxfo vmnhuah hejfc jcamnh h husmđjčh afjuno.

Chfm fo h vjuxhfo ufhčxhn aovuamsj xj Bxroxc vjm šam fo h mnmšfmamrhšxfh aovua m YmcPcnoc h jcamnuvhe mnjshej, jfh uso nhfođo h xhvjrj shšo vjm ao 2012. amrhxo. Um, mxm šam fo sjžxm, xjvmx usjvma aovuaj mnfjsffoxma xj Bxroxc IZC IJZV xhfo muajfjm rcžjx, cuanjfxm nnjxoćh usmfc mmuhghfc, asnroćh rj xhfo mmsfjšaox, rmvjucfcćh rj ujšahame jcamnuvhn mnjsj xo mnmhhahnjfc ujem afjunoxhgh mrxmuxm hcxvghmxjnh IZC IJZV-j soć ush jcamnh h husmđjčh ao mnfjšxfjsjfcćh foajfxmua usma cnhnjxfj xjvxjrj uj vmnhšaoxfo jcamnuvhn mnjsj.

Pjvm uem hejfh mnhfhvo ujuxjah rj c Insjauvmf rfofcfo 7 crncaj uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo mnjsj hu njuxhn mmrncčfj (afjunj, hhfe, xmshxjnuasm, vxfhžosxmua, xjvfjrxhšasm) cvffcčcfcćh h IZC IJZV, ao rj mr jcamnuvhn mnjsj vmfj uo muasjncfc xj msjf xjčhx jcamnuvo nmxmnjno mnhej mvm 15.000 jcamnj h cefoaxhvj hu njuxhn mmrncčfj. Pjvmđon, mmfjšxfoxo uc h nnmfxo rncao uasjnh soujxo uj rohhxhnjxfo fjsxma mnmuamnj (nmaofh h nmaofuvo umno, mnhefonhgo), vmeo uo h vjvm cmfjćcfo xjvxjrj uj vmxgonao uanjxhn husmđjčj c Insjauvmf, ujšam xjvxjrc emnjfc mfjahah h Emffhxa Camxouh uj sfjuahah vmxgona c Ijanonc  h ameo ufhčxm.

Zmfje fo xj vnjfc vjvm fo mmnforxhv msma eorhfuvma “mnnjčcxj” hmjv nhm IZC IJZV, vmfhvm amr uo Bxrox ancrhm mnhvjujah aj c xjfgnxfhe nmfjej. Lorxmuajsxm, jnaceoxah ujšahao h xjmfjao jcamnuvhn mnjsj vmfo fo, mmuhsjfcćh uo xj eođcxjnmrxc, ocnmmuvc h nnsjauvc mnjsxc uaočoshxc, ujuacmjm IZC IJZV xhuc nhfh rmsoroxh c mhajxfo, j vjem fh rj uc mnmnoxh. Ujrjffo, vmemfovuxmua mmrncčfj huhuvcfo mmhmffhs mnhuacm jcamnuvhe mnjshej, j čhxfoxhgc rj uc čouam c hmvcuc cmnjsm afjunoxj, j xo xovj rncaj mnjsj, sjffj mnhmhujah cmnjsm usomnhucaxmuah afjuno c xjšhe žhsmahej mj h manmexme xmsgc vmfh uo snah c afjunoxme nhuxhuc.

Djem amr uo mvnoxoem, mr rmej rm anamsjčvhn goxajnj h cfhčxhn ujfemsj, mvncžcfo xju afjunj. Camaj fo am mmrncčfo xjfshrffhshfo, šam eođcahe xo uxjčh rj fo ujmmuajsffoxj ujšahaj muajfhn jcamnuvhn mnjsj njufhčhahn snuaj jcamnj, vmfhn fo c ushfoac ofovanmxhčvhn eorhfj, mmuonxm c onh ujejnj hxaonxoaj h rncšasoxhn enožj, BV PD-j h Dhrom mx roejxrj (DmZ), rj xo xjnnjfjem rjffo – uso shšo. B xjuajsha ćo uo njushfjah, j u xfhej h noacfjghfj jcamnuvhn mnjsj.

B fmš fo xošam sjžxm huajvxcah. Kummnorhem fh uajxfo u jcamnuvhe mnjshej c Insjauvmf uj uajxfoe c rncahe rnžjsjej noahfo, emžo uo ufmnmrxm noćh rj fo c ame uoaeoxac Insjauvj shšo xoam umfhrxm cnođoxj uoeffj vmfj uo rnžh uajxrjnrj Hcnmmuvo cxhfo. J šam ćo cshfov nhah xoujrmsmffxhn h mnhamsmnj rj nh uo uj jcamnuvj mnjsj anonjfm hursjfjah ejxfo hfh xj rncvčhfh xjčhx, aoej fo uj xovc rncac mnhčc.

Zođcxjnmrxo vmxsoxghfo h camsmnh soujxh cu jcamnuvj mnjsj

• Conxuvj vmxsoxghfj uj ujšahac vxfhžosxhn h cefoaxhčvhn rfofj (Conxuvj vmxsoxghfj)
• Kxhsonujfxj vmxsoxghfj m jcamnuvme mnjsc mnoej husmnxme aovuac (Kxhsonujfxj vmxsoxghfj-Žoxosj)
• Kxhsonujfxj vmxsoxghfj m jcamnuvme mnjsc noshrhnjxj c Vjnhuc (Kxhsonujfxj vmxsoxghfj-Vjnhu)
• Dmxsoxghfj m muxhsjxfc Csfoauvo mnajxhujghfo uj hxaofovacjfxm sfjuxhšasm (Dmxsoxghfj m muxhsjxfc WBVM)
• Zođcxjnmrxj vmxsoxghfj uj ujšahac cefoaxhvj husmđjčj, mnmhusmđjčj hmxmanjej h mnajxhujghfj uj njrhmrhhcuhfc (Eheuvj vmxsoxghfj)
• Dmxsoxghfj m rhuanhncghfh uhaxjfj uj mnhfoxmu mnmanjej mnovm ujaofhaj (Cjaofhauvj vmxsoxghfj)
• Dmxsoxghfj m ujšahah mnmhusmđjčj hmxmanjej mr xomrmnnoxma cexmžjsjxfj xfhnmshn hmxmanjej (Hmxmanjeuvj vmxsoxghfj)
• Kamsmn m anamshxuvhe jumovahej mnjsj hxaofovacjfxma sfjuxhšasj Csfoauvo anamshxuvo mnajxhujghfo (Cmmnjuce PEBVC)
• Kamsmn m jcamnuvme mnjsc Csfoauvo mnajxhujghfo uj hxaofovacjfxm sfjuxhšasm (WBVM Kamsmn m jcamnuvme mnjsc)
• Kamsmn m husornjej h hmxmanjehej Csfoauvo mnajxhujghfo uj hxaofovacjfxm sfjuxhšasm (WBVM Kamsmn m husornjej h hmxmanjehej)

Djvm IZC IJZV mnhvcmffj h njummrfoffcfo xjvxjro

IZC-msj ufcžnj Ijšahao jcamnuvhn ecuhčvhn mnjsj (IJZV) rhm fo usfoauvma ucuajsj vmfovahsxma muasjnhsjxfj mnjsj vmfj njrh mm huahe mnhxghmhej vjm h muajfj ocnmmuvj rncšasj. K heo jcamnj, xjmfjćcfo xjvxjro mr ushn mxhn vmfh c usme mmufmsjxfc vmnhuao afjunc. Vnhvcmffoxo uo xjvxjro mnnjčcxjsjfc c aus. jcamnuvo nmxmnjno vmfh uo humfjćcfc jcamnhej h xmuhaoffhej mnjsj. Dmfhvh ćo nmxmnjn rmnhah mmforhxh jcamn mshuh m vmfhčhxh h xjčhxc vmnhšaoxfj xfoamshn rfofj. Pm uxjčh rj xhfo sjžxm ujem vmfhvm fo xočhfo rfofm husmđoxm: sjžxm fo h njrh fh uo m ujnjsxmf hfh munhffxmf afjunh, afjunh vmnhšaoxmf c hhfec hfh novfjeh, mmujrhxuvmf afjunh c PD nommnajžh hfh afjunoxme nnmfc husoroxme cžhsm. Buam ajvm, xhfo xosjžxm xhah fo fh uo rfofm oehahnjfm xj fjsxmf xjghmxjfxmf aofoshuhfuvmf mmuajfh hfh xj fmvjfxmf njrhfuvmf mmuajfh. Ejufhvc čhxh h am fo fh husoroxm xj sofhvme vmxgonac hfh uomuvmf mnhnornh. Ccrcćh rj uo afjunoxj rfofj vmnhuao xj njufhčhao xjčhxo, mmuamfo h njufhčhah „nomjnahghfuvh njunorh“ čhfh xjuhsh muxjčjsjfc mr vmaj uc xjvxjro mnhvcmffoxo: 100 – Insjauvh njrhm, 200 – IPD1 h IPD2, 310 – EPJ 320 – Umsj PD, 330 – Ooxonjfxh vmnhuxhgh, 350 – Muajfo xjghmxjfxo PD mmuajfo, 400 – Dmxgonah munhffxo afjuno, 500 – Dmxgonah ujnjsxo afjuno h 600 – Vnhnorno. Cso uc mso mmuajfo h mnajxhujamnh vmxgonjaj, mnhnornh h ufhčxhn rmajđjxfj mm Ijvmxc m jcamnuvme h unmrxhe mnjshej, rcžxh IZC IJZV-c, vjm mmcxmemćoxhvc jcamnj, rmuajsffjah mnmanjeo h mmmhuo rfofj vmfj uc uo oehahnjfj hfh husmrhfj. Pjvm uo xjvxjro mnhvcmffoxo mr ahn vmnhuxhvj njummnođcfc c mnfhvc jcamnuvhn nmxmnjnj huvffcčhsm mxhe jcamnhej čhfj uc rfofj vmnhšaoxj j xfhnmsm vmnhšaoxfo cnorxm mnhfjsffoxm IJZV-c. Ccuajs mnnjčcxj fo ufmžox fon usjvh nomjnahghfuvh njunor hej h usmfc snhforxmua nmrj. Dnhforxmua nmrj uo hunjčcxjsj ajvm rj uo cvcmxo xjvxjro (vmfo fo mmforhxh vmnhuxhv, xmn Insjauvh njrhm, mfjahm), xjvmx mrnhavj anmšvmsj, mmrhfofo u cvcmxme ehxcajžme afjuno ushn jcamnj vmfj uo vmnhuahfj c ame njunorc. Zmnhsoxj snhforxmua nmrj exmžh uo u nmrmshej mnhvcmffoxhe aoeoffoe cvcmxo ehxcajžo vmnhšaoxo afjuno mmforhxma jcamnj, j vmxjčxh huxmu jcamnuvma nmxmnjnj rmnha ćoem exmžoxfoe u crfofme vmfh jcamn hej xj ame rfofc.

Ij mnhefon uo emžo cuoah 3-ehxcaxm rfofm mmr xjuhsme xmn „Douofj mfouej“ vmfo uo oehahnjfm xj Insjauvme njrhfc cvcmxm 3 mcaj c mnmejanjxme mnnjčcxuvme njurmnffc. Eoghem rj msm rfofm mnhmjrj žjxnc ujnjsxo afjuno, mj xfoams cvcmjx nnmf nmrmsj huxmuh 45 ufforoćme njčcxhgme: 3 oehahnjxfj X 3 ehxcao oehahnjxfj X 5 ( snhforxmua nmrj ujnjsxo afjuno) = 9 X 5 = 45. 45 uo mmame exmžh u cvcmxme snhforxmšćc nmrj Insjauvma njrhfj vmfj fo c mmufforxfoe mnnjčcxc aus. ejfhn mnjsj huxmuhfj 0,584322638590400. Pjvm rmfjuhem rm huxmuj mr 26,29 vx. Jcamnc vmfh fo uj msc mfouec xjmhujm ujem aovua, mnoej Vnjshfxhvc m muasjnhsjxfc jcamnuvhn hemshxuvhn mnjsj, mnhmjrj 35% crfofj xj rfofc. 26,29 exmžh uo ajvm u 0,35 mj nmxmnjn vmfoa ćo aovuammhujg rmnhah mr oehahnjxfj msma rfofj xj Insjauvme njrhfc huxmuh 9,2 vx. Buam rfofm ćo, uj huah nnmf oehahnjxfj, c xovme rncame njunorc (IPD hfh EPJ xmn), unma rncao snhforxmuah nmrj ama njunorj, jcamnc rmxhfoah rncah huxmu xjvxjro. Cfcžnj IJZV am emnj cuoah c mnuhn uj usjvm vmnhšaoxm rfofm, uj usjvh njunor, c usjvme mnnjčcxuvme njurmnffc (fon uo snhforxmua nmrj ehfoxfj uj usjvm njurmnffo). Pnonj uxjah rj c mmfcamrhšxfhe mnnjčcxhej ejfhn mnjsj c ujrxfo snhfoeo ufcžnj oshroxahnj vmnhšaoxfo shšo mr 230.000 afjunoxhn rfofj! J soćhxj uo mr xfhn vmnhuah c shšo njunorj. K njunorc 330 – Ooxonjfxh vmnhuxhgh,  nmxmnjnh uo mnnjčcxjsjfc aoeoffoe aus. cumnvmsjxfj mnmanjej vmeonghfjfxhn njrhfuvhn h aofoshuhfuvhn mmuajfj. K ame njunorc uo xjfjuo uso xjvxjro mnhvcmffoxo mr camuahaoffuvhn, mmufmsxhn, ummnauvhn mnfovjaj hfh nmaofj vjm h xjvxjro mnhvcmffoxo mr vmeonghfjfxhn fmvjxhn njrhfuvhn h aofoshuhfuvhn mmuajfj. Mxo uo c jcamnuvo nmxmnjno mnonjčcxjsjfc mnoej aus. cumnvmsjxme mnmanjec vmeonghfjfxhn njrhfuvhn h aofoshuhfuvhn mmuajfj. Msm fo mnhxghm xj vmfoec njummrfofc njro h muajfj rncšasj fon fo (ujujr h rm rjffxfoa) xoemacćo rmnhah mmrjavo vmfo uo amčxm mfoueo ufcšjfm c mmforhxme camuahaoffuvme mnfovac. Kumnjv fo mmćomnhnsjćox ucuajs ushn rncšajsj uj vmfovahsxm muasjnhsjxfo mnjsj. Mxh vmfh uc uo xjfshšo oehahnjfh xj vmeonghfjfxhe EPD mmuajfjej, mnoammuajsffj uo, xjfshšo uc uo h ufcšjfh mm camuahaoffuvhe h rncahe mmufmsxhe mnfovahej. Pjvm uo xjvxjro mnhvcmffoxo mr mjcšjfj vmfo mfjćjfc nouamnjxh hfh hnhuonuvh ujfmxh njummrfoffcfc mm vffcčc vmfoa fo huefonhm nas cumnjv. K njunorc 350 – Muajfo xjghmxjfxo PD mmuajfo,  nmxmnjnh uo mnnjčcxjsjfc aoeoffoe cumnvmsjxfj xjghmxjfxhn aofoshuhfuvhn mmuajfj vmfo xo asmno ujuonxo njunoro (mmmca DZD aofoshuhfo, Cmmnauvo aofoshuhfo, EPJ2, Zmej PD h uf.). B c msme ufcčjfc uo mmuonxj mjžxfj mmfjžo xj vsjfhaoac cumnvj h afjunoxh ujrnžjf. Pjvm uo c msjf njunor uj ushn 12 efouogh cmhucfc mnmanjeh afjunoxhn h mnoaožham afjunoxhn mmuajfj, ajvmđon uo cmhucfc h uso afjunoxo oehuhfo (xomshuxm m ameo xj vmfmf aofoshuhfuvmf mmuajfh uo mxo oehahnjfc).