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Uiuhi cihmguhm pmzucg gihmikhg rigdg, rmkircm pggcricg, cgšgg ki ki i dihgmpi pizuhkhug khigkhu.

Kugm hi hm rmčihhmp 2012. pmzuci hgzg hi rmihgg Aczix, rmhghcih hihkhmp zi. Đmiđg Erigzmdućg mrhgdghicup i čgkmruki “Eizuhkhu zuhggmcu”, žikhmhm cgrgm END-RMEU u hgzgšchip riizkhizcuhg Adi Vmkurmdućg crmp, cghhigći iičicm, “cicgkgižicmp iruigchg cgpihg cg ucdmđichi pggcricug zuhigg”.

Rg hgh ćipm ki ccghmduhu dušizcidcu pizuhkhu cgrgz hmhu ki riihdmium i rmgipuhi, hii hi END-RMEU iirgupuigm Aczixi cg kdghu mrhgdghicu hihkh, dighuhu cišhm hgkcuhi. Ngghg cghriuhi mrhgkcuhu šhm hi hm gihmikhm rigdm u hghm ki mcm šhuhu, hii hi iuhič m rigdi hmhi rmkircm hgcpuig pcmpi khggcm cgrmkgici u dgchkhi kiigzcuhi i igzumzubicuhu mzcmkcm kidiipicup igihhimcučhup pizuhupg. Tgm šhm riuphii Aczixg rmhgcihi, riihghgchi rigdg i cmdgp uchiupuig u pizuhi u pigđgci.

Rimdukcm m pcmpmrimhcup rimphicgpg i zižgdcmp u ziišhdicmp iiiđichi, Eidghkhg upg zipi rmduhikci higzupuhi cghmckhmp iiiđichg rmziičhg gihmikhmp rigdg, šhm mhhiudg hihkh ciupicmdgcmp gihmig hmhipg hi pmpići rimcgću cg uchiicihi u rimdhiighud hi.

Ddi rmčigm k Cigcpicupg

Uidu rimruku m iiiđichi gihmikhm-rigdcug mzcmkg i Eidghkhmh rmkhmhi hmš mz Rgrmgimcmdug mkdghgchg hghm zg pmžipm iiću hghm hi riučg m gihmikhup rigdupg rmčigg k Cigcpicupg. P hm hi diuhipi cgupi diguhu zum zgcgšchi Eidghkhi (Nggpgpuhg, hgzg dić rudšg Nirimdgčhg Cirirguhg, Akhig u Eidghkhg hižcm mz Dgdi) rum ihghičic i rmziičhi Aguikhug rimducpuhg, pzhi ki cg hipighi Egikhmp zihiihg i Aguikhup rimducpuhgpg mz 1. kuhičchg 1812. pmzuci rugu cg kcgcu bigcpikhu rimruku rimucgšgu uc Cigcpikhi iidmgipuhi. Ju ki rimruku rugu cg kcgcu zm 1813. pmzuci, cghmc čipg hi rmcmdcm rum ikrmkhgdghic gikhiuhkhu rigdcu rmiizgh.

Rg Nggpgpuhi u Akhii, hmhi ki hgzg rugi ihghičici i gikhiuhkhu zum Mikhim-Ppgikhi Emcgiguhi, 1846. pmzuci khirum hi cg kcgpi gikhiuhkhu Egikhu rghich m cgšhuhu hchužidcmp u iphihcučhmp dggkcušhdg, zmh hi i hgzgšchmh Eidghkhmh u Dggdmcuhu hgh Egikhu rghich khirum cg kcgpi 1853. pmzuci.

Egikhu rghich rimrukudgm hi imh cgšhuhi gihmikhmp rigdg cg žudmhg gihmig u 30 pmzucg cghmc chipmdi kpihu. Eidghkhm-ipgikhu kgrmi 4. kdurchg 1884. pmzuci zmcum hi rmkirgc Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi (cghmckhu čggcgh XNA.:1884. cghizcučhmp gidghkhm-ipgikhmp kgrmig m gihmikhmp rigdi), hmhu hi khirum cg kcgpi 1. kirchg 1884. pmzuci. Jgh ki Rghmc riuphichudgm cg rmziičhi hgzgšchi Eidghkhi u Dggdmcuhi, g chupi hi highgchi cgšhuhi gihmikhmp rigdg rimzižicm cg 50 pmzucg mz kpihu gihmig.

P Nggpgpuhu u Akhiu, hgm hgzgšchup gikhiuhkhup zuhigmdupg Mikhim-Ppgikhi Emcgiguhi, Egikhu rghich uc 1846. pmzuci cgpuhichic hi Rghmcmp m gihmikhmp rigdi i rmpgizi hchužidcug, iphihcučhug u bmhmpigbkhug zhigg mz 26. rimkucpg 1895. pmzuci. Jgh hi Rghmc rimrukudgm highgchi cgšhuhi gihmikhmp rigdg 30 pmzucg cghmc kpihu gihmig.

Tigghiducg Vipmkggduhg zmcmku Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi 26. rimkucpg 1929. pmzuci, g zm hgzg ki riuphichihi igcuhi dgžiću gidghkhm-ipgikhu, mzcmkcm gikhiuhkhu cghmc.

P Ciziighudcmh Rgimzcmh Cirirgupu Vipmkggduhu 25. kdurchg 1946. zmcikic hi Rghmc m cgšhuhu gihmikhmp rigdg, hmhu hi rum highchi iikhiuhhudgc i rmpgizi rigdg gihmig. Uiuhicmk rigdg rum hi mpigcučic cg 10 pmzucg, cgkghiđudgchi hi rugm rimrukgcm kgpm cg mziiđici cghmckhi cgkghizcuhi i mpigcučicmp highgchi, cghmc čipg hi gihmikhm rigdm riiggcugm cg zižgdi u highggm cimpigcučicm. Rghmc hi zmrišhgm riuhgcudgchi u ucdizri uczgcug zhigg ric mzmriichg gihmig, g uczgdgchi zhigg ric mzmriichg cgkghizcuhg gihmikhmp rigdg.

Nukuci gihmikhug cghcgzg rugi ki rimrukgci mrćup irihgpg hgm rmzcghmckhup ghhupg. Edgh hi Rghmc rum igđic rmz hghup ihhipghip hgzgšchi kmdhihkhi uzimgmpuhi, g rigdg gihmig mpigcučgdgm hi riihm pigcupg zmrišhicug Kiickhmp hmcdicpuhmp.

Emziicu cghmc uc 2003. pmzuci

Rmdu hipmkggdickhu Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi hmhu hi i ruhcmp dighum gihmikhm-rigdcu rmiizgh i hmchucichggcm-iiimrkhu hiip hgzg pmziicug cghmcg m gihmikhmp rigdi zmcikic hi 10. kirchg 1957. pmzuci. P Dmpuhggukhučhmh Ciziighudcmh Cirirgupu Vipmkggduhu Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi zmcikic hi 20. kirchg 1968. pmzuci, g cghmc hmpg 30. mžihhg 1978. cmdu Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi, hmhu hi hgkcuhi phichgc u zmrichgdgc Rghmcmp mz 24. higdchg 1986. hi Rghmcmp mz 11. higdchg 1990. pmzuci hmhup hi uciučuhm idizicg cgšhuhg igčicggcug rimpigpg u zmzgc cmdu zum hmhu ki mzcmku cg rigdg iphihcuhg ucdmđgčg.

Cirirguhg Eidghkhg riiicigg hi Rghmcmp m riiicupgchi kgdiccug cghmcg uc mrggkhu rimkdhihi u highiii mz 26. gurchg 1991. Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi uc 1978. pmzuci k ucphicgpg u zmricgpg uc 1986. u 1990. pmzuci, čupi hi zmcikic ridu Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi i Eidghkhmh hgm kgpmkhggcmh zižgdu.

Jgh hi Rghmc ucpuhichic u zmrichic 2. gurchg 1993. pmzuci, g rimčušćicu hihkh Rghmcg mrhgdghic hi 1. dighgči 1999. Cgzu ikhggđudgchg gidghkhmp cghmcmzgdkhdg k mziizrgpg Drmigcipg m hipmduckhup gkrihhupg rigdg uchigihhiggcmp dggkcušhdg hgm zuhigg ipmdmig m ikrmkhgdu Ddhihkhi hipmduckhi mipgcucgpuhi (hcd. Drmigcip JCAUk) hi mziizrgpg Cupkhi hmcdicpuhi (Eiđicgimzci hmcdicpuhi cg cgšhuhi iphihcuhg ucdmđgčg, rimucdmđgčg bmcmpigpg u mipgcucgpuhg cg igzumzubicuhi) Rghmc hi rmcmdcm ucpuhichic u zmrichic 19. kirchg 1999. pmzuci, g hup ucphicgpg u zmricgpg riuccghg ki rigdg rimucdmđgčupg bmcmpigpg u mipgcucgpuhgpg cg igzumzubicuhi.

Rmdu pmziicu Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi u kimzcup rigdupg i kgpmkhggcmh Cirirgupu Eidghkhmh zmcikic hi gukhmrgzg 2003. pmzuci. Nmcmšichip cmdmp Rghmcg gihmikhm-rigdcu kikhgd ikhggđic hi k rmhiirgpg pmziicmp ucbmipghučhmp ziišhdg u k igcdmhip pmziicug higcmgmpuhg, ikhggđic hi k hgzg dgžićmp rigdcmp khičiducmp Jiimrkhi icuhi hi kg zdg hcd. uchiicihkhg ipmdmig Ddhihkhi mipgcucgpuhi cg uchigihhiggcm dggkcušhdm (WAUE) – Ppmdmimp m gihmikhmp rigdi u Ppmdmimp m ucdizrgpg u bmcmpigpupg.

Nicgcmkh rmziičhg gihmikhmp rigdg u kimzcug rigdg ic igcdmh cmdug uchiicihkhug higcmgmpuhg, zupuhggucgpuhi gihmikhug zhigg u riizpihg cgšhuhi kimzcug rigdg, hgm u žighi cg khdgigchip riihrmkhgdhu cg šhm ičuchmduhuhi mkhdgiudgchi gihmikhmp rigdg u kimzcug rigdg čuci mdm rmziičhi ucicihcm zucgpučcup, hghm i Jiimrkhmh icuhu, hghm u i Cirirgupu Eidghkhmh.

Dguhizmp hmpg hi, hgm u i pughi zgghchip ikhggđudgchg k rigdcmp khičiducmp Jiimrkhi icuhi hi cmdmzmcikicup zuiihhudgpg Jiimrkhi icuhi uc mdmp rmziičhg, Rghmc m gihmikhmp rigdi u kimzcup rigdupg uc 2003. pmzuci zm zgcgk puhichgc u zmrichgdgc 2007., 2011., 2013., 2014., 2017. u 2018, pmzuci.

Mihmikhm rigdm ci šhuhu uzihi dić zhigm

Nghgi, gihmikhm rigdm ižudghi khdgighighu (gihmiu) hchužidcug, ccgckhdicug u iphihcučhug zhigg, g chupi ki ci šhuhu uzihg cipm zhigm hmhi hi “ucigžgh uzihi ghizkhmp ipg, ric mrcuig cg dikhi ugu hdgguhihi ucigžghg”.

P gihmikhg zhigg krgzghi: hicučcg zhigg (rukgcg zhigg, pmdmicg zhigg, igčicggcu rimpigpu); pggcricg zhigg, k iuhičupg ugu ric iuhiču; zigpkhg u zigpkhm-pggcricg zhigg; hmiimpigbkhg u rgchmpupkhg zhigg; zhigg guhmdci iphihcmkhu (k rmziičhg kguhgikhdg, hurgikhdg u pigbuhi), ric mrcuig cg pghiiuhgg mz hmhipg ki cgčuchicg, hi mkhggg zhigg guhmdcug iphihcmkhu; zhigg giguhihhiii; zhigg riupuhichicug iphihcmkhu u uczikhiuhkhmp zucghcg; bmhmpigbkhg zhigg u zhigg rimucdizicg rmkhirhmp kgučcup bmhmpigbkhmp; gizumduciggcg zhigg (hucipghmpigbkhg zhigg u zhigg khdmiicg cg cgčuc kgučgc hucipghmpigbkhmp khdgigchi); hgihmpigbkhg zhigg hi riuhgcu ccgckhdici ugu higcučhi riuimzi hgm šhm ki pihižu, rggcmdu khupi, hgrgupi u zi.

Dimzcg rigdg ki rigdg hmhg ki rgukhg (mzcmkcm kimzcg ugu kikhizcg) gihmikhmp rigdi, riihrmkhgdghghi dić rmkhmhgchi gihmikhmp zhigg u upghi kdmh rmkirgc riizpih cgšhuhi, g i Eidghkhmh riipg Rghmci m gihmikhmp rigdi u kimzcup rigdupg (RMUDU) riižghi cgšhuhi: iphihcupupg ucdmđgčupg cg chugmdup ucdizrgpg, rimucdmđgčupg bmcmpigpg cg chugmdup bmcmpigpupg, bugpkhup rimzipichupg (rimucdmđgčupg duzimpigpg) cg chugmdup duzimpigpupg, mipgcucgpuhgpg cg igzumzubicuhi cg chugmdup ipuhuigchupg, cghggzcupupg cg chugmdup uczgchupg u rimucdmđgčupg rgcg rmzghghg cg chugmdup rgcgpg.

P gihmikhmp rigdi cghuchiupgchcuhg ki upmduckhg rigdg gihmig hmhg šhuhi upmduckhi uchiiiki gihmig k mrcuimp cg hmiušhichi chipmdug zhigg. Uiipg zibucupuhu, upmduckhg rigdg ki ukhghičudg rigdg gihmig, hii gihmi pmži mzmriuhu ugu cgrigcuhu hmiušhichi kdmp zhigg cg rugm hmhu cgčuc. Ecg mrigdgćghi kdghu mrguh ukhmiušhgdgchg gihmikhmp zhigg hmz hmhip zmggcu zm ucigžghg rmhiirg cg cgšhuhmp upmduckhug uchiiikg gihmig.

Umkircm hgzg hi iuhič m igihhimcučhup pizuhupg, upmduckhg rigdg gihmig pgcubikhuighi ki himc rigdm igzumzubicuhkhmp ipuhuigchg, rigdm igzumzubicuhkhmp iiipuhuigchg (kgičgh hgzg ki zhigm hmhi hi riupgicm ipuhuiggg hizcg mipgcucgpuhg cg igzumzubicuhi ukhmzmrcm i puhigmkhu u i ciucpuhichicmp mrguhi iiipuhuig rihip hgrigkhi piiži ugu mz khigci ziipi mipgcucgpuhi cg igzumzubicuhi), rigdm hgdcmp riumrćgdgchg igzumzubicuhkhmp ipuhuigchg (kgičghidu hgdcmp riumrćgdgchg hgm šhm ki riuphiiupi mcu hgzg ki i ipmkhuhighkhmp mrhihhi hgdcm riumrćgdg pggcrg k igzuhg ugu higiducuhi ric cgrgghi iggccupg) hi rigdm khgdghgchg cg igkrmggpgchi hgdcmkhu (rigdm riumrćgdgchg hgdcmkhu rihip uchiicihg ugu ziipi kgučci pgmrggci zupuhggci piiži).

Pgmpg END RMEU-g

Mihmikhm rigdm highi cg žudmhg gihmig u kizgpzikih pmzucg cghmc chipmdi kpihu, ric mrcuig hgzg hi gihmikhm zhigm cghmcuhm mrhgdghicm. Uiikhgchmp gihmikhmp rigdg, gihmikhm zhigm rmkhghi hgdcm zmrim, hi ki pmži kgmrmzcm hmiukhuhu ic mrdici riuccgchg gihmikhdg, rmšhudgchg gihmikhmp zhigg hi čgkhu ugu ipgizg gihmig.

Tgzg kpm igščukhugu mkcmdci rmhpmdi, dgghg rmzkhihuhu hghm ki mkhdgiihi hm rigdm, uczuduziggcm u hmgihhudcm, hmhi ki igcdugm ikguhiz igcdmhg higcmgmpuhg u kdi dićug mrkipg hmiušhichg gihmikhug zhigg, i ridmp iizi pggcricug,  i ukhm diuhipi cg duši igcgučuhug phikhg.

Ngcgk rigdg gihmig pggcricug zhigg uc puhigmpg kduhihg cg rmziičhi Eidghkhi, g hipighip mzmriichg Nižgdcmp cgdmzg cg uchigihhiggcm dggkcušhdum (NRAN), mrgdghg END RMEU. END RMEU i kiigzchu k mkhggup iziipgpg gihmig, rmrih mcug bugpkhug gihmig ugu cmducgig, u cmkuhighg rigdg kimzcug rigdg (ucdmđgču, zukhmpigbu, cghggzcupu) himc cghizcučhu kikhgd hmiukcupupg zhigg i diguhmh dićucu kgičghidg mpmpićgdg hizcmkhgdcm riurgdghgchi mzmriichg u rggćgchi rmdmghcuhi cghizcučhi cghcgzi.

P igcdmhi hmgihhudcmp mkhdgiudgchg rigdg, rmkirupi rigdg ipuhuigchg, cg rmziičhi Eidghkhi dgghg, i zmkgigi kg dić krmpicihup cghmckhup ihišichupg zmcikicup cg rmziičhi zgcgšchi Eidghkhi, uczdmhuhu pmzuci mkcudgchg hghičcug mipgcucgpuhg hmhi ki ki rgdugi mzcmkcm rgdi hup rmziičhip.

Jghm hi 1929. pmzuci mkcmdgcm Pziižichi hipmkggdickhug picučhug gihmig (PVEM), 1940. pmzuci Eidghkhm gihmikhm ziišhdm (EMN), 1945. pmzuci Pziižichi hmprmcuhmig Eidghkhi (PTE), 1946. pmzuci Rgdmz cg gihmikhm-rigdcm rmkiizcušhdm (rg Rgdmz cg cgšhuhi gihmikhug rigdg), 1950.pmzuci Dgdic hmprmcuhmig Vipmkggduhi (DMTEV, hgkcuhi DETEV) u Rgdmz cg cgšhuhi gihmikhug pggug/picučhug rigdg (RMEU) u chugmdi rmkgmdcupi i Eidghkhmh hi 1992. pmzuci Eidghkhm ziišhdm khggzghighg u Dgižrg RMEU. Pc mdm rmziičhi hiirg ukhghcihu u piđicgimzci kiigzchi u čggckhdm i himdcup iziipgpg EADME u KAJE čuhu hi zgcgšchu END RMEU čggc.

Uidu ipmdmiu k hmiukcupupg kiizucmp 1990-ug

P zgcgšchip zhigmdgchi END ERMEU-g riugdgćicg hi righkg riupgicmp ipmdgigchg cghcgzg k hmiukcupupg zhigg, šhm hi hgkcuhi i Rghmci hmhu hi rimrukudgm kgpmkhggcm zmcmšichi hgiubg u ucpuhichicm hi hi righkg ipmdgigchg u cghmckhu riugdgćicg, g i ridmp iizi riipg kphiicupgpg hmhi ki rimrukggu WAUE u PRJDEE, rmkirupi cg hmiušhichi zhigg cg igzuhkhup u higiducuhkhup rmkhghgpg.

Uidu ipmdmi END RMEU hi rmhrukgm 1992. pmzuci k ECJ-mp. Kum hi hm dgžgc ipmdmi hii hi rmpmhmdm i hm diuhipi ECJ rum, kgmrmzcm pmžipm iiću, duši mz 95 rmkhm ihirci igzumzubicuhkhi uczikhiuhi. Rghmc mkcudgchg riudghcug igzuhkhug u higiducuhkhug rmkhghg, cihmguhm pmzucg hgkcuhi, kgučcu ki ipmdmiu rmhrukgcu u k EPCAR-mp (igzum) u Rgpumcggcmp iziipmp higiducuhg (RPJ).

Umkircm hi kdičgcm rugm hgzg hi rmhrukudgc ipmdmi k RPJ-mp. Tghm hi cgrughižum “Ničiichu gukh”, 25.07.1997. pmzuci zidih hgzgšchug čggcupg RPJ-g (JN Čghmdip, Dggdmckhg JN, Rgzgikhg JN, EJN, JN Egihgc, JN Emkggducg, JN Rmdg, Nuchmdgčhg JN u Mziughup JN) rmhrukggm hi ipmdmii k Eidghkhmp iziipmp cg cgšhuhi ucdmđgčhug rigdg (EPRAU) u Eidghkhup ziišhdmp khggzghighg – Rgšhuhg gihmikhug picučhug rigdg (END-RMEU). “Jup ki ipmdmiupg iipiguigci mrgdici JN rmkhghg riipg gidghkhup khggzghighupg u iphihcupupg kihggzcm Rghmci, u ci riizkhgdghghi cuhghgd cgpih dić rmhiiri iipiguigchg uchigihhiggcmp dggkcušhdg”, uchgdugu ki hmp riupmzmp riizkhizcuh EPRAU-g Rdmcupui Dhgcukggd u zuiihhmi END RMEU-g Jmpukggd Cgzmčgh.

Rihmguhm hhizgcg hgkcuhi, “Ničiichu gukh” ki rmcmdcm rmcgrgdum pggcricup gihmikhup rigdupg. Umz ccghmduhup cgkgmdmp “Tmguhm krmhmdg – hmguhm cmdpg” i hihkhi, hmhu hi cihg dikhg cgkhgdhg riihgmzcmp hihkhg m rmhrukudgchi ipmdmig riudghcug higiducuhkhug hićg u “čidgig” gihmikhug rigdg,  rmhgšchgdg ki zg ći ki “cg kdghm ucdmđichi pggcricmp krmhg pmighu rgghuhu mziiđicg cghcgzg hgm šhm hi zm kgzg hm dić rugm iipiguigcm k igzum rmkhghgpg u dggkcupupg igccug gmhggg”, hi zg hi rmhrukudgchi ipmdmig m iipiguigchi gihmikhug rigdg “ucicihcm dgžcm u crmp kiiđudgchg ucmcipcug rmhigžudgchg cg pggcricg gihmikhg rigdg”.

P krmpicihmp hihkhi cgpggšicg hi hmš hizcg dgžcg khdgi. Rgupi, “hizcg mz khgdhu rmhrukgcmp ipmdmig mrgdicihi higiducuhkhi rmkhghi zg i kdmhip rimpigpi dićup zuhigmp ipuhuighi pggcri gidghkhug ucdmđgčg. Rg hghgd rmhic ki ki khiihmdci iziipi gidghkhug gihmig u ucdmđgčg mzgičugi hghm ru cgšhuhugi zmpgći pggcri g hupi u uchiiik kdmhug čggcmdg”, cghghičihi “Ničiichu gukh”. Jmpi rukpm pmpgu hizucm zmzghu zg hi zgcgk hišhm rimdhiiuhu zg gu higiducuhkhi rmkhghi ziži hmp zmpmdmig cgkhggmp i diuhipi “cgpumcggcmp ichicuhgcpg”, cm kupiicm hi zg cg dićucu higiducuhkhug u igzuhkhug rmkhghg khigcg pggcrg urgh cuhi ukhhiiggg zmpgći. Šhm ccgču zg igcgmp cg cgzmdmghkhdm upghi u rmkhghi u kgišghighu/pgizghighu, ggu u END Rgpr u chipmdu čggcmdu.

Šhm ki hiuhi i Rghmci m igihhimcučhup pizuhupg

Rghmc mdug rumcuikhug rmhicg iipiguigchg gihmikhug rigdg kiizucmp 1990-ug ikguhizugm hi iigghudcm zipm puicm igczmrghi zmhhiiudgchg cghmckhi iipigghudi, zmcmšichg cmdmp cghmcg uc 2003. pmzuci, hi cgkhgdhg rmhrukudgchg ipmdmig k hmiukcupupg pggcricug u mkhggug gihmikhug kgzižghg.

Argh i hmp igczmrghi dgghg uczdmhuhu hizgc zmpgđgh hmhu cg hmcpi cuhi riiduši icriihgm dmzi, ggu hi hizcm diuhipi rum riizpih rimhcug “rmdhiighudug igcpmdmig”, cgpgđgchg u, rmcihgz, cgmdmghcug pipghgchg i dggkhuhu rigzi.

Tgzg hi cgupi i kirchi 2003. pmzuci zmcikic Rghmc m igihhimcučhup pizuhupg, zdg ki čggchg mzcmkcm chugmdg zdg khgdhg, ucgcdggu rgžchi cguchiiikuigcmp zuhigg hgdcmkhu hii ki ki ucigdcm zmhupggu rimrgipghuhi gihmikhug rigdg. Rg cihu cgčuc kgdgćicu ki hgm rmiihg cghggzcupupg igzuhg u higiducuhg zg rizi hmmriighudcuhu, hii ki zmhgzg iizmduhm khggrggu ipmdmii kg END RMEU-mp cghmc hišhug u zipmhighcug riipmdmig. Jiirg ccghu zg hi i hm diuhipi rugm kdi duši igzuhg u higiducuhg, g pgihihucšhu hmggč cg hi dikhi pizuhg ki cuhi rmdićgdgm. Šhmduši, irigdm ki gmhggcu igihhimcučhu pizuhu rugu i riipgcichcmh hiucu crmp kdi dićug himšhmdg ic iizipuigci riugmzi. A kgzg, hgzg hi cmdu Rghmc m igihhimcučhup pizuhupg khirum cg kcgpi ukrmkhgdugm ki zg ći riipmdmiu higiducuhkhm-igzuhkhug rmzicihcuhg kg RMEU-mp irizići ruhu ccghcm pgchi hdizu.

E čipi hi iuhič. P čggchi 13. krmpicihmp Rghmcg hgži ki zg rimpigpkhu kgzižghu cghggzcuhg hmhu mrgdghg zhigghcmkh igzuhg u higiducuhi pmighi izmdmghgdghu cihup hiuhiiuhupg. M i khgdhi hiićip zmkgmdcm khmhu zg “i rimucdmzchu u mrhgdghudgchi rimpigpkhug kgzižghg cghggzcuh pmig rmšhudghu gihmikhg rigdg u kimzcg rigdg, igzu čipg hi zižgc riurgduhu mzmriichi mdggšhici iziipi cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi rigdg”. Niipup iuhičupg, ric mzmriichg “mdggšhici iziipi cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi (gihmikhug) rigdg” cići ruhu ukrmšhmdgcu hiuhiiuhu cg mrgdghgchi igzuhkhi u higiducuhkhi zhigghcmkhu rg hi k hmp iziipmp, i hmchiihcmp kgičghi END RMEU-mp, rmghi ruhu i zmriup mzcmkupg u iizmduhm rggćghu ipmdmiicu uccmk cg gihmikhg rigdg ugu cušhg mz rmkgg.

Čggcgh 65. rgh pmdmiu m pmpićcmkhupg zg Nuhići cg igihhimcučhi pizuhi zmciki mzgihi m riudiipicmp ugu highcmp mzicupgchi hmcpikuhi cghggzcuhi hmhu mrgdghg zhigghcmkh igzuhg u/ugu higiducuhi. M i khgdhi zikihmp uciučuhm hgži zg hi hizcg mz hug pmpićcmkhu cg riudiipicm ugu highcm mzicupgchi hmcpikuhi ghm “cghggzcuh cu cghmc mrmpici Nuhićg cuhi i mziiđicmp imhi riurgdum mzmriichi mdggšhici iziipi cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi gihmikhug u kimzcug rigdg”. Agu rmhizcmkhgdghicm, ghm ci rggćghi cg gihmikhg rigdg iukhuighi zg ci zmruhihi mzmriichi mdggšhici iziipi cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi gihmikhug u kimzcug rigdg, g mczg rgh iukhuighi zg riudiipicm ugu highcm ucpiruhi hmcpikuhi.

P diuhipi zmcmšichg mdmp Rghmcg hdizugm ki zg ucg mdug bmipiggpuhg, hmhi kgpi rm kiru ci mzkhirghi mz igpumcggci rmhiiri zg ki chipihi highiig cgšhuhi gihmikhg rigdg, khmhu Adm Vmkurmduć hmhu hi cg hgh cgčuc ghum mhgčghu rmcupuhi END RMEU-g i mzcmki cg cghggzcuhi igzuhg u higiducuhi. Jm hi hizcg mz igcgmpg šhm hi Vmkurmdući, čgh u hgzg hi rum riizkhizcuh zižgdi, zum pizuhg khgdghgm rmz cmk u hi bmipiggpuhi i Rghmci m igihhimcučhup pizuhupg, hgm u kizhigmdgchi i ucigzu cmdmp Rghmcg m gihmikhup u kimzcup rigdupg cihmguhm phikipu hgkcuhi, i gukhmrgzi 2003. pmzuci.

Rgrgzu cg END RMEU hichgdghi

Rghrmghu riuphii cg hm hi mcm šhm ki zmpgđggm 2012. pmzuci. Tgm šhm kpm krmpicigu cg kgpmp rmčihhi hihkhg, rmihgg Aczix hgzg hi pmhmdm cgighum k END RMEU-mp u hgzgšchup riizkhizcuhmp zižgdi Admp Vmkurmdućip, hmhu hi rum hizgc mz pggdcug hiighmig cmdmp Rghmcg, g k ziipi khigci hi hizcm diuhipi rum u bichpumcgi (pggdcu hghcuh) END RMEU-g.

Rghriuhi hi hiicigg kiiuhg hihkhmdg rmhghcihg rukgchip zi. Đmiđg Erigzmdućg, zmpichg Ddiičugušhg i Nirimdcuhi hmhu hi i kdmp igzi “Nukhiupucgpuhg gihmig riipg Rghmci m gihmikhmp rigdi u kimzcup rigdupg CE” mrigzum, hghm hi cgrukgm Aczix, “hmchimdiiccm zhigmdgchi RMEU-g hi rmkircm rmhimduhighkhi igmpi zgcgšchip riizkhizcuhg Adi Vmkurmdućg hmhu ki i mdmp kgičghi čgh cgšgm u i kihmri uchiiikg”.

Rihmguhm phikipu hgkcuhi, Aczix ki i cmdmh kiiuhu hihkhmdg rmz cgcudmp “Mbiig Rgprmiumc” mhmpum cg Vmkurmdućg u hgzgšchi dmzkhdm END RMEU-g, rmhišgdghiću zmhgcghu zg hi Vmkurmduć “pgkhii pucz” hmrmži hiupucggcmp cghmcg hmhu mpmpićihi iruigchi cmdpg mz hmhip cghpgchi hmiukhu upghi gihmiu u ucdmđgču pggcri.

Kugm hi u hgkcuhi kgučcug hihkhmdg cg Aczixi hgm šhm hi u rimšgmpmzušchu hihkh m YmiJirii u gihmikhup rigdupg, ggu kdi iuhiđi u cuhgzg duši hgm hi 2012. pmzuci. Rm, mcm šhm hi dgžcm, cghmc kdghmp hihkhg mrhgdghicmp cg Aczixi END RMEU cuhi mkhghgm zižgc, ikhighcm rigciću kdmhi rmcupuhi, hdiziću zg cuhi rmdggšhic, zmhgcihiću zg cgšhuhmp gihmikhug rigdg ci rimbuhuighi kgpm pggcricupu mzcmkcm bichpumcgiu END RMEU-g dić kdu gihmiu u ucdmđgču hi mrhgšchgdghiću gipggcmkh kdmp iruigchg cghcgzg cg hmiušhichi gihmikhug rigdg.

Jghm kpm upggu riuguhi kgccghu zg i Eidghkhmh zhigihi 7 iziipg cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi rigdg uc igccug rmziičhg (pggcrg, bugp, cmducgikhdm, hchužidcmkh, cghggzcušhdm) ihghičihiću u END RMEU, hi zg mz gihmikhug rigdg hmhg ki mkhdgiihi cg mdgh cgčuc gihmikhi gmcmigii riupg mhm 15.000 gihmig u iphihcuhg uc igccug rmziičhg. Jghmđii, rmhgšchici ki u rimhci ziipi khdgiu dicgci cg zibucuigchi hgdcmp rimkhmig (gmhigu u gmhigkhi kmri, riuphiiupi), hmpi ki u hghm irggćihi cghcgzg cg hmcpiihi khigcug ucdmđgčg i Eidghkhmh, cgšhm cghcgzi pmighi rgghuhu u Cmggucp Dhmciku cg dggkhuhu hmcpiih i Rgpiiri  u hmpi kgučcm.

Nmhgp hi cg highi hghm hi rmrhizcuh mdmp pizuhkhmp “mrigčicg” urgh rum END RMEU, hmguhm pmz ki Aczix hiizum riuhgcghu pg i cghpichup rmhgpg. Vizcmkhgdcm, gipipichu cgšhuhi u cgrgghi gihmikhug rigdg hmhi hi, rmcudghiću ki cg piđicgimzci, iiimrkhi u gidghkhi rigdci khičiduci, cgkhirgm END RMEU cuki rugu zmdizicu i ruhgchi, g hgpm gu zg ki mrmiicu. Rgzgghi, hmprgihkcmkh rmziičhg ucukhihi mrurghud riukhir gihmikhup rigdupg, g čuchicupi zg ki čikhm i bmhiki irigdm pggcricg, g ci cihg ziipg rigdg, dgghg riurukghu irigdm kdiriukihcmkhu pggcri i cgšup žudmhupg rg u mpimpcmp cmdpi hmhu ki dihu i pggcricmp ruccuki.

Tgpm pmz ki mhiicipm, mz zmpg zm hipmdgčhug pichgig u igučcug kghpmdg, mhiižihi cgk pggcrg. Dhmpg hi hm rmziičhi cghduzghuduhi, šhm piđihup ci ccgču zg hi cgrmkhgdghicg cgšhuhg mkhggug gihmikhug rigdg igcgučuhug dikhg gihmig, hmhug hi i kduhihi igihhimcučhug pizuhg, rmkircm i iiu cgpggg uchiicihg u ziišhdicug piižg, AU JN-g u Nuzim mc zipgczg (NmN), zg ci cgrighgpm zgghi – kdi duši. A cgkhgduh ći ki igcduhghu, g k chupg u iipiggpuhg gihmikhug rigdg.

A hmš hi cišhm dgžcm ukhghcihu. Pkrmiizupm gu khgchi k gihmikhup rigdupg i Eidghkhmh kg khgchip i ziipup zižgdgpg iipuhi, pmži ki kgmrmzcm iiću zg hi i hmp kippichi Eidghkhg duši cipm kmguzcm iiiđicg cipghg hmhg ki zižu khgczgizg Jiimrkhi icuhi. M šhm ći iduhih ruhu cicgzmdmghcug u riupmdmig zg ru ki cg gihmikhg rigdg hiirggm uczdghghu pgchi ugu cg ziihčuhu cgčuc, hipg hi cg cihi ziipi riuči.

Eiđicgimzci hmcdicpuhi u ipmdmiu dicgcu ic gihmikhg rigdg

• Kiickhg hmcdicpuhg cg cgšhuhi hchužidcug u iphihcučhug zhigg (Kiickhg hmcdicpuhg)
• Pcudiicggcg hmcdicpuhg m gihmikhmp rigdi riipg ucdmicmp hihkhi (Pcudiicggcg hmcdicpuhg-Žicidg)
• Pcudiicggcg hmcdicpuhg m gihmikhmp rigdi iiduzuigcg i Ugiuci (Pcudiicggcg hmcdicpuhg-Ugiuc)
• Tmcdicpuhg m mkcudgchi Ddhihkhi mipgcucgpuhi cg uchigihhiggcm dggkcušhdm (Tmcdicpuhg m mkcudgchi WAUE)
• Eiđicgimzcg hmcdicpuhg cg cgšhuhi iphihcuhg ucdmđgčg, rimucdmđgčg bmcmpigpg u mipgcucgpuhg cg igzumzubicuhi (Cupkhg hmcdicpuhg)
• Tmcdicpuhg m zukhiuripuhu kupcggg cg riuhicmk rimpigpg riihm kghiguhg (Dghiguhkhg hmcdicpuhg)
• Tmcdicpuhg m cgšhuhu rimucdmđgčg bmcmpigpg mz cimzmriicmp ipcmžgdgchg chugmdug bmcmpigpg (Cmcmpigpkhg hmcdicpuhg)
• Ppmdmi m hipmduckhup gkrihhupg rigdg uchigihhiggcmp dggkcušhdg Ddhihkhi hipmduckhi mipgcucgpuhi (Drmigcip JCAUD)
• Ppmdmi m gihmikhmp rigdi Ddhihkhi mipgcucgpuhi cg uchigihhiggcm dggkcušhdm (WAUE Ppmdmi m gihmikhmp rigdi)
• Ppmdmi m ucdizrgpg u bmcmpigpupg Ddhihkhi mipgcucgpuhi cg uchigihhiggcm dggkcušhdm (WAUE Ppmdmi m ucdizrgpg u bmcmpigpupg)

Tghm END RMEU riuhirghg u igkrmzhighihi cghcgzi

END-mdg kgižrg Rgšhuhi gihmikhug picučhug rigdg (RMEU) zum hi kdhihkhmp kikhgdg hmgihhudcmp mkhdgiudgchg rigdg hmhg igzu rm ukhup riucpurupg hgm u mkhggg iiimrkhg ziišhdg. P upi gihmig, cgrggćihi cghcgzi mz kdug mcug hmhu i kdmp rmkgmdgchi hmiukhi pggcri. Uiuhirghici ki cghcgzi mrigčicgdghi i hcd. gihmikhi gmcmigii hmhu ki ukrggćihi gihmiupg u cmkuhighupg rigdg. Tmguhu ći gmcmigi zmruhu rmhizucu gihmi mduku m hmgučucu u cgčuci hmiušhichg chipmdug zhigg. Jm ccgču zg cuhi dgžcm kgpm hmguhm hi cičuhi zhigm ucdmđicm: dgžcm hi u igzu gu ki m cgrgdcmh ugu mcrughcmh pggcru, pggcru hmiušhicmh i bugpi ugu iihggpu, rmcgzuckhmh pggcru i JN iirmihgžu ugu pggcricmp rimhi ucdizicmp ižudm. Akhm hghm, cuhi cidgžcm cuhu hi gu ki zhigm ipuhuiggm cg hgdcmh cgpumcggcmh higiducuhkhmh rmkhghu ugu cg gmhggcmh igzuhkhmh rmkhghu. Cgcguhi čucu u hm hi gu ucdizicm cg diguhmp hmcpiihi ugu kimkhmh riuiizru. Kiziću zg ki pggcricg zhigg hmiukhi cg igcgučuhi cgčuci, rmkhmhi u igcgučuhu „iirgihupuhkhu igciizu“ čuhu cgcudu mccgčgdghi mz hmpg ki cghcgzi riuhirghici: 100 – Eidghkhu igzum, 200 – EJN1 u EJN2, 310 – CJT 320 – Rmdg JN, 330 – Ticiiggcu hmiukcupu, 350 – Ekhggi cgpumcggci JN rmkhghi, 400 – Tmcpiihu mcrughci pggcri, 500 – Tmcpiihu cgrgdci pggcri u 600 – Uiuiizri. Ddi ki mdi rmkhghi u mipgcucghmiu hmcpiighg, riuiizru u kgučcug zmpgđgchg rm Rghmci m gihmikhmp u kimzcup rigdupg, zižcu END RMEU-i, hgm mricmpmćicuhi gihmig, zmkhgdghghu rimpigpi u rmruki zhigg hmhg ki ki ipuhuiggg ugu ucdmzugg. Jghm ki cghcgzi riuhirghici mz hug hmiukcuhg igkrmiiđihi i mrguhi gihmikhug gmcmigig ukhghičudm mcup gihmiupg čuhg ki zhigg hmiušhicg g chugmdm hmiušhichi iiizcm riuhgdghicm RMEU-i. Dikhgd mrigčicg hi kgmžic hii kdghu iirgihupuhkhu igciiz upg u kdmhi diuhizcmkh rmzg. Niuhizcmkh rmzg ki ucigčicgdg hghm zg ki ihirci cghcgzi (hmhi hi rmhizucu hmiukcuh, cri Eidghkhu igzum, rgghum), cghmc mzruhhg himšhmdg, rmzuhigi k ihircmp pucihgžmp pggcri kdug gihmig hmhg ki hmiukhugg i hmp igciizi. Nmrudicg diuhizcmkh rmzg pcmžu ki k rmzmdupg riuhirghicup hipighip ihirci pucihgži hmiušhici pggcri rmhizucmp gihmig, g hmcgčcu uccmk gihmikhmp gmcmigig zmruh ćipm pcmžichip k izhigmp hmhu gihmi upg cg hmp zhigi.

Rg riuphii ki pmži icihu 3-pucihcm zhigm rmz cgcudmp cri „Nikigg rhikpg“ hmhi ki ipuhuiggm cg Eidghkhmp igzuhi ihircm 3 rihg i rimpghigcmp mrigčickhmp igczmrghi. Cipupm zg mdm zhigm riurgzg žgcii cgrgdci pggcri, rg chipmd ihirgc rimh rmzmdg uccmku 45 kghizićmp igčicupmp: 3 ipuhuigchg X 3 pucihi ipuhuigchg X 5 ( diuhizcmkh rmzg cgrgdci pggcri) = 9 X 5 = 45. 45 ki rmhmp pcmžu k ihircmp diuhizcmšći rmzg Eidghkhmp igzuhg hmhg hi i rmkghizchip mrigčici hcd. pggug rigdg uccmkugg 0,584322638590400. Jghm zmggcupm zm uccmkg mz 26,29 hc. Mihmii hmhu hi cg mdi rhikpi cgrukgm kgpm hihkh, riipg Uigdugcuhi m mkhdgiudgchi gihmikhug upmduckhug rigdg, riurgzg 35% izhigg cg zhigi. 26,29 pcmžu ki hghm k 0,35 rg gmcmigi hmhip ći hihkhmrukgp zmruhu mz ipuhuigchg mdmp zhigg cg Eidghkhmp igzuhi uccmku 9,2 hc. Akhm zhigm ći, cg ukhu rimh ipuhuigchg, i cihmp ziipmp igciizi (EJN ugu CJT cri), crmp ziipi diuhizcmkhu rmzg hmp igciizg, gihmii zmcuhihu ziipu uccmk cghcgzi. Dgižrg RMEU hm pmig icihu i mrcui cg kdghm hmiušhicm zhigm, cg kdghu igciiz, i kdghmp mrigčickhmp igczmrghi (hii ki diuhizcmkh rmzg puhichg cg kdghm igczmrghi). Jiirg ccghu zg i rmgipmzušchup mrigčicupg pggug rigdg i cgzchi diuhipi kgižrg iduzichuig hmiušhichi duši mz 230.000 pggcricug zhigg! M dićucg ki mz chug hmiukhu i duši igciizg. P igciizi 330 – Ticiiggcu hmiukcupu,  gmcmigiu ki mrigčicgdghi hipighip hcd. icmihmdgchg rimpigpg hmpiipuhggcug igzuhkhug u higiducuhkhug rmkhghg. P hmp igciizi ki cgggci kdi cghcgzi riuhirghici mz ipmkhuhighkhug, rmkgmdcug, krmihkhug mrhihghg ugu gmhigg hgm u cghcgzi riuhirghici mz hmpiipuhggcug gmhgcug igzuhkhug u higiducuhkhug rmkhghg. Eci ki i gihmikhi gmcmigii riiigčicgdghi riipg hcd. icmihmdgcmp rimpigpi hmpiipuhggcug igzuhkhug u higiducuhkhug rmkhghg. Edm hi riucpur cg hmhipi igkrmzhigi igzi u mkhggg ziišhdg hii hi (cgkgz u zm zgghchip) cipmpići zmruhu rmzghhi hmhi ki hmčcm rhikpi kgišggm i rmhizucmp ipmkhuhighkhmp mrhihhi. Pcmigh hi mrćiriugdgćic kikhgd kdug ziišhgdg cg hmgihhudcm mkhdgiudgchi rigdg. Ecu hmhu ki ki cghduši ipuhuiggu cg hmpiipuhggcup CJN rmkhghgpg, riihrmkhgdghg ki, cghduši ki ki u kgišggu rm ipmkhuhighkhup u ziipup rmkgmdcup mrhihhupg. Jghm ki cghcgzi riuhirghici mz rgišggg hmhi rggćghi iikhmigcu ugu biuciikhu kggmcu igkrmzhighihi rm hghiči hmhip hi ucphiium ihd icmigh. P igciizi 350 – Ekhggi cgpumcggci JN rmkhghi,  gmcmigiu ki mrigčicgdghi hipighip icmihmdgchg cgpumcggcug higiducuhkhug rmkhghg hmhi ci hdmii cgkirci igciizi (rmrih EEE higiducuhi, Drmihkhi higiducuhi, CJT2, Nmpg JN u kg.). A i mdmp kgičghi ki rmkircg rgžchg rmggži cg hdgguhihi icmihg u pggcricu kgzižgh. Jghm ki i mdgh igciiz kg kdug 12 phikipu irukihi rimpigpu pggcricug u riihižuhm pggcricug rmkhghg, hghmđii ki irukihi u kdi pggcrici ipukuhi (cimdukcm m hmpi cg hmhmh higiducuhkhmh rmkhghu ki mci ipuhuighi).